A special washer is a non-standard washer designed with a specific geometry, thickness, or profile to meet application-specific requirements that cannot be satisfied by standard flat, spring, or disc washers. Its shape may include countersunk faces, stepped profiles, conical forms, enlarged bearing surfaces, or custom inner/outer diameters. Special washers are typically designed to match a specific bolt head, nut, seating surface, or load condition, ensuring proper load distribution, alignment, or seating performance.