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A hex nut is a six-sided internally threaded fastener designed to be assembled with a mating bolt or stud to generate and maintain clamping force. The hexagonal geometry allows efficient torque application using standard tools. When tightened, the nut converts applied torque into axial preload, securing joint members through friction and bearing pressure. Selection of material, property class, and surface finish is critical to ensure load capacity, fatigue resistance, corrosion performance, and compatibility with the mating fastener.
